深海生物如何在黑暗中制造自己的光
Descend a few hundred metres into the ocean and sunlight vanishes completely. In this endless dark, one might expect stillness and blankness. Instead, the deep sea flickers with living light. Roughly three-quarters of the animals down there can glow, a phenomenon known as bioluminescence.
潜入海洋数百米深处，阳光便彻底消失。在这无尽的黑暗中，人们或许以为只剩死寂与空白。恰恰相反，深海中闪烁着生命之光。那里约有四分之三的动物能够发光，这一现象被称为「生物发光」。
The light itself is the product of a remarkably efficient chemical reaction. A molecule called luciferin reacts with oxygen, helped by an enzyme, and releases energy almost entirely as light rather than heat. Human lamps waste most of their energy as warmth; these creatures lose almost none. It is, in a sense, the coldest and cleanest illumination on Earth.
这光本身是一种极为高效的化学反应的产物。一种叫「荧光素」的分子在酶的帮助下与氧气反应，释放出的能量几乎全部化为光而非热。人类的灯把大部分能量浪费成了热量，而这些生物几乎毫无损耗。从某种意义上说，这是地球上最冷、最干净的照明。
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